Hocut	Honing	Cut-Max
Hocut 795B A premium long life high performance semi-synthetic machining coolant for Aluminium and Stainless Steel Hocut 787B A heavy-duty bio resistant machining and grinding fluid for use with all metals Hocut 795MP-B A high performance semi-synthetic coolant. Latest technology machining and grinding coolant for all metals Hocut 807 A low odour, bio stable, soluble, EP cutting fluid designed to give extended emulsion life   Hocut 400K A versatile coolant that can be used in many applications on a wide variety of metals Cindol 305D A low cost water soluble machining coolant formulated for machining operations on ferrous and non-ferrous metals Houghto-Grind ® Houghto-Grind 60 A water soluble synthetic grinding fluid formulated to give maximum rust protection, no foam, no petroleum oil and using surface active compounds to keep the wheel clean Houghto-Grind 4253B A Cobalt inhibited water soluble grinding fluid for grinding inserts. Reduces health hazard potentials and generation of toxic waste Houghto-Grind 03A A low viscosity colourless and odourless straight grinding oil designed for use in grinding machines with ultrafine filtration systems	Honing Oil MM A low viscosity, dark coloured liquid to assure long stone life, fast stock removal and superior finish Staput Series ® Slideway lubricants for machine tools designed to eliminate or reduce “stick-slip” problems resulting in improved finish of work pieces           Rust Veto ® Rust Veto 4214 Water displacing rust preventative that leaves a thin transparent oily film – Light duty Rust Veto 377DGHF Water displacing rust preventative that leaves a dark gold film that adheres to the metals surface and won’t wipe off with handling – medium duty Rust Veto 342A A fluid type rust preventative that leaves an amber, translucent, plastic type film – heavy duty	Cut-Max 226S Fortified with sulphur and chlorinated extreme pressure agents, blended into highly refined petroleum oil to give excellent surface finish to components Cut-Max 570 Has a high chlorine content that is stable, effective and provides needed anti-welding and extreme pressure characteristics Cut-Max 5001AM A low viscosity neat cutting oil formulated with extreme pressure and anti-mist additives Cindol ® Cindol 869R A vegetable oil based product developed specifically as a high performance lubricant for aluminium machining and forming     Houghto-Draw ® Houghto-Draw 1219 A low viscosity stamping lubricant suitable for use with ferrous and non-ferrous materials Houghto-Draw 3105M A Viscous extreme pressure compound for heavy duty drawing and forming applications

 

Houghton products are available in both semi-synthetic and full synthetic, providing clean running, heavy duty performance and the latest technology. Houghton metalworking fluids are capable of providing long sump life with low odour and unique resistance to bacterial and fungal growth, as well as excellent machining performance on both ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

Houghton’s comprehensive range also offers extended tool life for applications ranging from light duty cutting to heavy duty broaching. Our grinding fluids provide for both high speed grinding, as well as specialised applications. Our products address common operational demands, such as high lubricity, extended tool life, light colour, low odour, and reduced misting.

Other Product Lines
– Hydraulic Oils
– Fire Resistant Hydraulic Fluids
– Heat Treatment Fluids
– Metal Cleaning
– Metal Surface Finishing Products
– Beverage Can
– Offshore Technology
– Paper Chemicals
– Rolling Products
– Specialty Additives

Thread	TPI	Major Dia.	Pitch	Tapping Drill
0	25.4	6.0mm	1.00mm	No. 5	5.1mm
1	28.2	5.3mm	0.9mm	No. 14	4.5mm
2	31.3	4.7mm	0.81mm	No. 22	4.0mm
3	34.8	4.1mm	0.73mm	No. 29	3.45mm
4	38.5	3.60mm	0.66mm	No. 31	3.00mm
5	43.1	3.20mm	0.59mm	No. 36	2.65mm
6	47.9	2.8mm	0.53mm	No. 41	2.30mm
7	52.9	2.5mm	0.48mm	No. 45	2.05mm
8	59.1	2.2mm	0.43mm	No. 49	1.80mm
9	65.1	1.9mm	0.39mm	No. 52	1.55mm
10	72.6	1.7mm	0.35mm	No. 54	1.40mm
11	81.9	1.5mm	0.31mm	3/64″	1.20mm
12	90.7	1.3mm	0.28mm	No. 57	1.05mm
13	102.0	1.2mm	0.25mm	N0. 60	0.975mm
14	110.0	1.0mm	0.23mm	No. 66	0.775mm

 

Sourced from http://www.royalsignals.org.uk/articles/threads.htm

Machining Stainless Steel? 

Directions for Stainless Steels Machining

Stainless Steels are well known thanks to it”s superior corrosion-resistance.

Superior corrosion-resistance of stainless steels results from higher Cr content as an alloy-element.
Cr content is more than 4% in general, mostly more than 10%.

Classifications of Stainless Steel

1) Austenite series : It is a most general kind of stainless steels and has the best corrosion-resistance due to
high Cr content and Ni. On the other hand, High Ni content makes machining difficult. It is used for can of
foods, chemical products and construction purposes. (AISI303, 304, 316, STS303, 304, 316)
2) Ferrite series : It has similar Cr content with Austenite series, but none of Ni content results in easy
machining. (AISI410, 430, 434, STS410, 430, 434)
3) Martensite series : It is the only stainless steels able to be heat treated. It has high carbon content and corrosion
resistance is not so good, so it is used for a parts that need higher hardness.
(AISI410, 420, 432, STS410, 420, 432)
4) Precipitate hardened series : As a Cr-Ni alloy, it has improved hardness through low temperature heattreatment
and has superior corrosion-resistance and toughness at the same time. (AISI 17, 15)
5) Austenite-Ferrite series : Though it has similar properties with Austenite and Ferrite, it has much superior
heat-resistance (approx. 2 times better). It can be used at the place where require thermal-corrosion
stability such as condenser (AISI S2304, 2507)

Hard to cut factors of Stainless Steel

1) Work-hardening – Cause premature wear of tool and makes it hard to chip control.
2) Low thermal conductivity – Cause plastic deformation of cutting edge and fast wear of tool.
3) Build-up-edge – Easy to make micro-chipping on cutting edge and cause bad surface-finish.
4) Chemical affinity between tool and work-piece caused by work-hardening and low thermal-conductivity of
work-piece, generates easily not only normal-wear but also chipping and abnormal fracture.

Tips for machining Stainless Steel

1) Using a tool has higher thermal-conductivity: Low thermal-conductivity of Stainless steels accelerates wear resulted from decline of hardness of cutting
edge due to heat pile up.
2) Sharper cutting edge-line: It is necessary to make rake-angle bigger and chip-breaker land wider to reduce cutting-load and prevent
build-up-edge so that chip is treated well.
3) Optimal cutting condition: Inappropriate machining conditions like extremly low or high-speed, too low feed rate, can cause poor tool
life due to work-hardening of work piece.
4) Tools: Tools for Stainless steels should have good toughness and strength on edge-line & film adhesion has to be
higher.

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The flute form, web thickness and helix angle of the standard drill are suitable for most materials producing semi-continuous chips. Drilling sizes of 13mm and smaller in soft materials which produce continuous chips, e.g. copper, aluminium. A bright finish fast helix drill may be required to move the swarf more effectively. Conversely on materials producing discontinuous chips like brass, gunmetal and some plastics, a slow spiral is preferable. For effective drilling, the rigidity of the drill and work piece are most important. The shorter the flute length, the more rigid the drill. Long drills must be adequately supported to reduce vibration, or stage drill as opposite. Heavy duty thick web drills may be necessary on the more difficult materials, or when work lacks rigidity. These drills must be point thinned or have split points. The following are important in drill use:

1. Clamp the work-piece securely

2. Select the correct speed and feed

3. Use an appropriate coolant and lubrication

4. When using a taper shank drill, use a soft face hammer or wood block for insertion

5. Ensure the shank is securely held. Avoid using worn sockets or drill chucks as the drill may slip during use

6. Regrind the point before it dulls, do not force a worn drill

7. Deep hole drilling, withdraw frequently to clear the chips deep holes – start at 4 times diameter

8. Opening out existing hole, do not use a 2-flute twist drill, use a 3 or 4 flute core drill. Pilot holes should be 1.5 times the chisel edge length

9. Stainless, Manganese and high tensile steels, use an automatic feed throughout the drilling cycle. Do not allow the drill to dwell, as it will cause work-hardening. Use a slower speed and heavier feed than on easier machined materials.

 

 

 

DEEP HOLE SERIES DRILLING 

Holes deeper than nominally three times the drill diameter may need special methods to clear the swarf, especially when drilling horizontally with standard flute design.

Series drilling: a series of longer drills may be used successively:

 FIRST DRILL

This should be either a stub drill or a jobber drill used down to the flute length and pecking at intervals after 3 times the diameter in depth to clear the swarf. Alignment of the first drill is very important as all subsequent drills will wander further from this location.

SECOND DRILL

A long series drill to be used as above with pecking about every diameter in depth.

THIRD & SUCCESSIVE DRILLS Extra length drills of increasing flute lengths may be used successively to the required depth, pecking may be required at only half the diameter on extreme depth

PARABOLIC FLUTE DRILLS Are specifically designed for deep hole drilling and clearing the swarf without pecking down to 10 times the diameter on the materials that produce long continuous swarf.

 

RESHARPENING OF TWIST DRILLS 
Unless a drill is correctly resharpened the efficiency is greatly reduced. The general features to be observed are:

1. Resharpen before the drill becomes too dull

2. Maintain:

a. the correct point angle

b. Correct lip clearance

c. Equal cutting edge length

d. Equal cutting edge angles

e. Correct web thickness

f. Relative lip height to a close tolerance

g. Never quench the drilling water to cool it. Never grind using a trickle of water. These two methods are likely to produce hair line surface cracks owing to the local heating and quenching. Grind either under a gush of water, or perfectly dry and allow to air cool.

Sourced from our good friends at Sheffield.

 

 

 

1. Surface Finish: The degree of the surface may be due to the machining method, type of material and the condition of the machine and tooling.
2. Flatness and Straightness: The fundamental basis for all linear measurements is a reference plane and there is no measuring instrument or manufacturing process which cannot be traced back to its use in one form or another.
3. Squareness: The measurement or truth to 90 degrees can be measured using enginers try squares, block squares or cyclinder squares.
4. Roundness: Out of round errors can occur when machines are worn or when they are very new.
5. Coencentricity: Checking the circular path in relationship to another on the same axis or position. 
6. Angular Correctness: Ordinary protractoers are graduated in degrees and can be used to detect the correct angle for your machining job.